Inheritance

Autosomal dominant

Prevalence

Rapid or full curation?

ClinGen / GenCC / BabySeq / HGMD / OMIM

ClinGen - definitive curation results for Gene-Disease Validity

Clinical Validity Scoring Notes and points

The HNRNPR gene encodes a member of the spliceosome C complex, which functions in pre-mRNA processing and transport. Although the first HNRNPR variant was observed in a large epilepsy cohort in 2016 (PMID: 26795593), HNRNPR was first reported in relation to syndromic intellectual disability in 2019 by Duijkers et al. (PMID: 31079900). Overlapping clinical characteristics in 5 reported individuals included developmental delay/intellectual disability, microcephaly, seizures, facial dysmorphism, brachydactyly, and other congenital abnormalities. At least 6 variants have been reported in 9 probands, including 1 splice-site, 3 frameshift, 1 nonsense, and 1 missense variants (PMIDs: 26795593, 31079900, 33874999). Variants were de novo in all instances in which parental DNA was available. A frameshift and a missense variant were recurrent, identified in two and three unrelated probands, respectively. Other reported missense variants without functional characterization were of unclear pathogenicity and were not scored (PMID: 33874999).

Other members of the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (HNRNP) gene family have been recently implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders (HNRNPK, HNRNPU, HNRNPH1, HNRNPH2, and HNRNPR) (PMID: 33874999), supporting this gene-disease relationship.

In summary, there is definitive evidence supporting the relationship between HNRNPR and syndromic intellectual disability. This classification was approved by the ClinGen Intellectual Disability and Autism Gene Curation Expert Panel on May 3, 2023 (SOP Version 9).

Gene Clinical Validity Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) - SOP9

NOTE: All scored variants are NMD- (in last exon), curation for mol mech is below.

Clinical Validity Points Total

Clinical Validity Classification

Definitive

Molecular Mechanism

Unknown (but proposed Dominant Negative or GOF)

• Gene is highly LOF constrained. LOEUF of 0.13.

• Proposed dominant negative or GOF effect (PMID: 31079900).

  • The frameshift and nonsense variants identified in patients are expected to escape nonsense-mediated decay.

    • c.1609dupG (p.Ala537Glyfs^∗10)

    • .1652dupG (p.Pro552Serfs^∗34)

    • c.1663C>T, (p.Gln555Ter)

  • RNA sequencing of patient fibroblasts showed significant changes in the expression of other homeobox genes and transcription factors (Fig 4).

• Only other variant in HGMD not already curated by ClinGen GCEP is c.498+1G>T (this would result in an in-frame deletion, see PMID: 33874999 for the reported case.

• No NMD+ variants found via literature search, review of HGMD, consistent w/ variants in ClinVar

Penetrance

(list source/PMID)

Source:

Age of Onset

(list source/PMID)

Severity

Clinical Features

Sources:

HPO Terms

https://hpo.jax.org/app/

Gene SOPs & Notes

 LINK if SOP is a long document. Short notes if it is easy to digest. eg. Last known truncating variant

Curation Summary

Case ID, Curator name, Date, Jira ticket link

Andrea Oza 09.03.24 SDSM-TA SF0467412 SP0467412 SDPT-RT 2021-230-261 3574359086